{"id":1122,"date":"2019-12-02T08:22:39","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/?p=1122"},"modified":"2021-07-02T09:07:09","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T09:07:09","slug":"everything-you-need-to-know-about-human-papillomavirus-infection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-human-papillomavirus-infection\/","title":{"rendered":"Everything you Need to Know About Human Papillomavirus Infection"},"content":{"rendered":"<nav id=\"tab-bar\" class=\"css-7u7i0a\"><\/nav>\n<h2>What is human papillomavirus infection?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that\u2019s passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of HPV,\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/human-papillomavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 40<\/a>\u00a0of which are passed through sexual contact and can affect your genitals,\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hpv-in-the-mouth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mouth<\/a>, or throat.<\/p>\n<p>According to the\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/hpv\/stdfact-hpv.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)<\/a>, HPV is the most common\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/symptoms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexually transmitted infection (STI)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s so common that most sexually active people will get some variety of it at some point, even if they have few sexual partners.<\/p>\n<p>Some cases of genital HPV infection may not cause any health problems. However, some types of HPV can lead to the development of\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/std\/genital-warts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">genital warts<\/a>\u00a0and even cancers of the cervix, anus, and throat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"causes\"><\/a>HPV causes<\/h2>\n<p>The virus that causes HPV infection is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Most people get a genital HPV infection through direct sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.<\/p>\n<p>Because HPV is a skin-to-skin infection, intercourse isn\u2019t required for transmission to occur.<\/p>\n<p>Many people have HPV and don\u2019t even know it, which means you can still contract it even if your partner doesn\u2019t have any symptoms. It\u2019s also possible to have multiple<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-types\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0types of HPV<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In rare cases, a mother who has HPV can transmit the virus to her\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-and-pregnancy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">baby during delivery<\/a>. When this happens, the child may develop a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis where they develop HPV-related warts inside their throat or airways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"onequarter-of-article\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"symptoms\"><\/a>HPV symptoms<\/h2>\n<p>Often, HPV infection doesn\u2019t cause any noticeable symptoms or health problems.<\/p>\n<p>In fact,\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hpv\/parents\/questions-answers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">90 percent<\/a>\u00a0of HPV infections (9 out of 10) go away on their own within two years, according to the CDC. However, because the virus is still in a person\u2019s body during this time, that person may unknowingly transmit HPV.<\/p>\n<p>When the virus doesn\u2019t go away on its own, it can cause serious health problems. These include\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/std\/genital-warts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">genital warts<\/a>\u00a0and warts in the throat (known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis).<\/p>\n<p>HPV can also cause\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cervical cancer<\/a>\u00a0and other cancers of the genitals, head, neck, and\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/cancer-throat-or-larynx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">throat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The types of HPV that cause warts are different from the types that cause cancer. So, having genital warts caused by HPV doesn\u2019t mean that you\u2019ll develop cancer.<\/p>\n<p>Cancers caused by HPV often don\u2019t show symptoms until the cancer is in later stages of growth.\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/getting-tested\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regular screenings<\/a>\u00a0can help diagnose HPV-related health problems earlier. This can improve outlook and increase chances of survival.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/does-hpv-go-away\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more about HPV symptoms and infection.<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"hl-incontent-video-ad\" class=\"css-1sxbpyw\" data-adbridg-ad-class=\"hl-incontent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"in-men\"><\/a>HPV in men<\/h2>\n<p>Many\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-in-men\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">men who contract an HPV infection<\/a>\u00a0have no symptoms, although some may develop genital warts. See your doctor if you notice any unusual bumps or lesions on your penis, scrotum, or anus.<\/p>\n<p>Some strains of HPV can cause penile, anal, and throat cancer in men. Some men may be more at risk for developing HPV-related cancers, including men who receive anal sex and men with a weakened immune system.<\/p>\n<p>The strains of HPV that cause genital warts aren\u2019t the same as those that cause cancer.\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-in-men\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Get more information about HPV infection in men.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"middle-of-article\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"in-women\"><\/a>HPV in women<\/h2>\n<p>It\u2019s estimated that\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/human-papillomavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">80 percent<\/a>\u00a0of women will contract at least one type of HPV during their lifetime. Like with men, many women that get HPV don\u2019t have any symptoms and the infection goes away without causing any health problems.<\/p>\n<p>Some women may notice that they have genital warts, which can appear inside the vagina, in or around the anus, and on the cervix or vulva.<\/p>\n<p>Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice any unexplained bumps or growths in or around your genital area.<\/p>\n<p>Some strains of HPV can cause cervical cancer or cancers of the vagina, anus, or throat. Regular screening can help detect the changes associated with cervical cancer in women. Additionally, DNA tests on cervical cells can detect strains of HPV associated with genital cancers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"tests\"><\/a>HPV tests<\/h2>\n<p>Testing for HPV is different in men and women.<\/p>\n<h3>Women<\/h3>\n<p><a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.10897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Updated guidelines<\/a>\u00a0from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend that women have their first Pap test, or\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/pap-smear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pap smear<\/a>, at age 21, regardless of onset of sexual activity.<\/p>\n<p>Regular Pap tests help to identify abnormal cells in women. These can signal cervical cancer or other HPV-related problems.<\/p>\n<p>Women ages 21 to 29 should have just a Pap test every three years. From ages 30 to 65, women should do one of the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>receive a Pap test every three years<\/li>\n<li>receive an HPV test every five years; it will screen for high-risk types of HPV (hrHPV)<\/li>\n<li>receive both tests together every five years; this is known as co-testing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Standalone tests are preferred over co-testing, according to the USPSTF.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re younger than age 30, your doctor or gynecologist may also request an HPV test if your Pap results are abnormal.<\/p>\n<p>There are\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least 14 strains<\/a>\u00a0of HPV that can lead to cancer. If you have one of these strains, your doctor may want to monitor you for cervical changes.<\/p>\n<p>You may need to get a Pap test more frequently. Your doctor may also request a follow-up procedure, such as a\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/colposcopy-directed-biopsy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">colposcopy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Cervical changes that lead to cancer often take many years to develop, and HPV infections often go away on their own without causing cancer. You may want to follow a course of watchful waiting instead of undergoing treatment for abnormal or precancerous cells.<\/p>\n<h3>Men<\/h3>\n<p>It\u2019s important to note that the HPV DNA test is only available for diagnosing HPV in women. There\u2019s currently no FDA-approved test available for diagnosing HPV in men.<\/p>\n<p>According to the\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/hpv\/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CDC<\/a>, routine screening for anal, throat, or penile cancer in men isn\u2019t currently recommended.<\/p>\n<p>Some doctors may perform an anal Pap test for men that have an increased risk for developing\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/anal-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anal cancer<\/a>. This includes men who receive anal sex and men with\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hiv-aids\/hiv-and-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HIV<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"treatments\"><\/a>HPV treatments<\/h2>\n<p>Most cases of HPV go away on their own, so there\u2019s no treatment for the infection itself. Instead, your doctor will likely want to have you come in for repeat testing in a year to see if the HPV infection persists and if any cell changes have developed that need further follow-up.<\/p>\n<p>Genital warts can be treated with prescription medications,\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/electrocauterization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burning<\/a>\u00a0with an electrical current, or\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/skin-disorders\/freezing-warts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">freezing<\/a>\u00a0with liquid nitrogen. But, getting rid of the physical warts doesn\u2019t treat the virus itself, and the warts may return.<\/p>\n<p>Precancerous cells may be removed through a short procedure that\u2019s performed at your doctor\u2019s office. Cancers that develop from HPV may be treated by methods such as\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/chemotherapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chemotherapy<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/radiation-therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radiation therapy<\/a>, or surgery. Sometimes, multiple methods may be used.<\/p>\n<p>There currently aren\u2019t any medically-supported natural treatments available for HPV infection.<\/p>\n<p>Routine screening for HPV and cervical cancer is important for identifying, monitoring, and treating health problems that may result from HPV infection.\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-natural-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Explore the treatment options for HPV.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"threequarter-of-article\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"risk-factors\"><\/a>How can you get HPV?<\/h2>\n<p>Anyone who\u2019s had sexual skin-to-skin contact is at risk for HPV infection. Other factors that may put someone at an increased risk for HPV infection include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>increased number of sexual partners<\/li>\n<li>unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex<\/li>\n<li>a weakened immune system<\/li>\n<li>having a sexual partner that has HPV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you contract a high-risk type of HPV, some factors can make it more likely that the infection will continue and may develop into cancer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a weakened immune system<\/li>\n<li>having other STIs, such as\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/gonorrhea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gonorrhea<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/std\/chlamydia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chlamydia<\/a>, and\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/herpes-simplex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">herpes simplex<\/a><\/li>\n<li>chronic inflammation<\/li>\n<li>having many children (cervical cancer)<\/li>\n<li>using oral contraceptives over a long period of time (cervical cancer)<\/li>\n<li>using tobacco products (mouth or throat cancer)<\/li>\n<li>receiving anal sex (anal cancer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"prevention\"><\/a>HPV prevention<\/h2>\n<p>The easiest ways to prevent HPV are to use\u00a0<a class=\"css-5r4717 content-link content-link css-30rb2\" href=\"http:\/\/amzn.to\/2FvJRzf?correlationId=ae2fbd70-e810-426e-b2f8-23b27fb9bd6c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow sponsored\" data-event=\"In-Content Affiliate Link|undefined|clicked\" data-sponsor-index=\"1\">condoms<\/a>\u00a0and to\u00a0<a class=\"content-link content-link css-1qgaau8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/safe-sex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">practice safe sex<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-vaccine-pros-and-cons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gardasil 9 vaccine<\/a>\u00a0is available for the prevention of genital warts and cancers caused by HPV. The vaccine can protect against nine types of HPV known to be associated with either cancer or genital warts.<\/p>\n<p>The CDC recommends the HPV vaccine for boys and girls ages 11 or 12. Two doses of the vaccine are given at least six months apart. Women and men ages 15 to 26 can also get vaccinated on a three-dose schedule.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, people between the ages of 27 and 45 who haven\u2019t been previously vaccinated for HPV are\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/PressAnnouncements\/UCM622715.htm?utm_campaign=10052018_PR_FDA%20approves%20expanded%20use%20of%20Gardasil%209%20to%20include%20individuals%2027%20through%2045%20years%20old\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now eligible<\/a>\u00a0for vaccination with Gardasil 9.<\/p>\n<p>To prevent health problems associated with HPV, be sure to get regular health checkups, screenings, and Pap smears.\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-vaccine-pros-and-cons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read on to learn more about the pros and cons of HPV vaccination.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"pregnancy\"><\/a>HPV and pregnancy<\/h2>\n<p>Contracting HPV doesn\u2019t decrease your chances of becoming pregnant. If you\u2019re pregnant and have HPV, you may wish to delay treatment until after delivery. However, in some cases, HPV infection can cause complications.<\/p>\n<p>Hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy may cause genital warts to grow and in some cases, these warts may bleed. If genital warts are widespread, they may make a vaginal delivery difficult.<\/p>\n<p>When genital warts block the birth canal, a\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/c-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C-section<\/a>\u00a0may be required.<\/p>\n<p>In rare cases, a woman with HPV can pass it on to her baby. When this happens, a rare but serious condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may occur. In this condition, children develop HPV-related growths in their airways.<\/p>\n<p>Cervical changes can still occur during pregnancy, so you should plan to continue routine screening for cervical cancer and HPV while you\u2019re pregnant.\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/sexually-transmitted-diseases\/hpv-and-pregnancy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Discover more about HPV and pregnancy.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-0\">\n<h2><a class=\"chartbeat-section\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" name=\"facts-and-statistics\"><\/a>HPV facts and statistics<\/h2>\n<p>Here are some additional facts and statistics about HPV infection:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The CDC estimates that\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/hpv\/stdfact-hpv.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">79 million<\/a>\u00a0Americans have HPV. Most of these people are in their late teens or early 20s.<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s estimated that about\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hpv\/parents\/questions-answers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14 million<\/a>\u00a0people will newly contract HPV each year.<\/li>\n<li>In the United States, HPV causes\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hpv\/parents\/questions-answers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">over 33,000<\/a>\u00a0cancers each year in men and women.<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s estimated that\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/infectious-agents\/hpv-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">95 percent<\/a>\u00a0of anal cancers are caused by HPV infection. Most of these cases are caused by one type of HPV: HPV 16.<\/li>\n<li>Two strains of HPV \u2014 HPV 16 and 18 \u2014 account for at least\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">70 percent<\/a>\u00a0of cervical cancer cases. Vaccination can protect against contracting these strains.<\/li>\n<li>In 2006 the first HPV vaccination was recommended. Since then, a\u00a0<a class=\"content-link css-5r4717\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hpv\/parents\/questions-answers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">64 percent<\/a>\u00a0reduction in vaccine-covered HPV strains has been observed in teenage girls in the United States.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>All rights reserved to the copyright owners.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/human-papillomavirus-infection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">SOURCE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is human papillomavirus infection? Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that\u2019s passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.toplinemd.com\/gentle-gynecology-and-obstetrics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}