Women who suffer from some kind of dysplasia of the cervix are often suggested a LEEP procedure. Essentially, this procedure is a typical practice after the biopsy results point to abnormal cervical cell growth that poses a real danger to turn into cancer.
What Is a LEEP Procedure?
Loop electrosurgical excision or LEEP procedure is one of the gynecological procedures used to screen for and treat any abnormalities in cervical cell growth. As mentioned, once certain tests such as colposcopy or Pap smear confirm the presence of abnormal cells, the doctor is very likely to recommend a LEEP procedure. This abnormal cell growth is referred to as cervical dysplasia. Suffering from dysplasia of the cervix doesn’t automatically mean that you have cancer. However, when left untreated, these abnormal cells could become cancerous over time.
Continuing with what a LEEP procedure is, the process utilizes an electric current that heats a wire loop in order to remove cervical surface tissue and cells. Basically, the electric current goes through the wire loop and then cuts a really thin piece of the tissue, which will then be tested in the lab. In the same manner, doctors can get rid of the abnormal cells and provide the right conditions for the growth of healthy tissue that way.
In terms of what a LEEP procedure is, we can say that it’s both a diagnostics and treatment tool. Usually, the doctor will inject the local anesthetic into the cervix, which will numb the area and make the entire procedure painless. However, it’s possible to feel some slight cramping. On average, the LEEP procedure lasts five to ten minutes.
Causes of Cervical Dysplasia
Once the dysplasia of the cervix is diagnosed, through a Pap smear or biopsy, the doctor will suggest the right treatment, which most often involves LEEP. However, this particular condition doesn’t tend to show any symptoms. This is precisely why it’s so important to go in for regular gynecological checkups so that any abnormal changes can be spotted sooner than later.
The diagnosed cervical dysplasia can be classified into two categories, namely:
- Low-grade cervical dysplasia (LSIL), meaning that the abnormality is mild
- High-grade cervical dysplasia (HSIL), meaning that the abnormality ranges from moderate to severe
As for the causes, there can be a range of risk factors involved. For instance, cervical cells tend to change over change, meaning that cervical dysplasia can occur whenever, regardless of one’s age. Another big cause of this condition is an HPV infection. This virus can get contracted via sexual contact. There are many different kinds of HPV, and most of those that affect the genitals don’t necessarily cause cancer. However, it’s important to mention that there are about a dozen of different HPV strains that are high-risk when it comes to cervical cancer.
The most common risk factors include:
- Sexual activity before 18 years of age
- Changing sexual partners frequently
- Suffering from conditions or taking meds that weaken the immune system
- Chewing tobacco or smoking cigarettes
- Engaging in sexual intercourse without a condom
- Going through childbirth before 16 years of age
- Failing to get a vaccine that protects against HPV
Does LEEP Carry Some Risks?
In general, the LEEP procedure is very safe. It’s extremely rare to suffer from complications after undergoing the procedure, especially considering that it can be performed with only a local anesthetic. Still, just like any other procedure, LEEP is not 100% risk-free either. Potential complications can happen, such as:
- Bleeding and infections
- Cervical scarring from tissue removal
- Challenges to conceive
- Preterm delivery or newborn’s low birth weight
In case you suffer from allergies to certain meds as well as latex and iodine, make sure to disclose that to your doctor. Also, make sure to tell them whether you’re pregnant or suspect you could be. Other preexisting medical conditions may increase the risk of LEEP complications, so don’t hesitate to be very open about everything with your doctor and share your concerns.
Some of the conditions/factors that could cause LEEP interference include:
- Acute inflammation of the pelvis
- Acute cervical inflammation
- Menstruation
What to Expect After LEEP Procedure?
Once the LEEP procedure is over, you can rest a bit and then go home. There’s no need to stay in the hospital or clinic. Still, some slight bleeding could happen after the procedure, which is why it’s recommended to have menstrual pads with you. It’s perfectly normal to notice spotting or dark discharge for a couple of days post-LEEP and even feel mild cramping. However, make sure not to use tampons, douche, or engage in sexual intercourse for at least four weeks after undergoing the procedure in order to prevent infection or injury. You should also refrain from any strenuous physical activity for a while.
In order to manage the cramping during recovery, you can take a pain reliever, but make sure to discuss with your doctor which one is the best option. You shouldn’t take pain relievers that could increase the risk of bleeding. Also, the doctor will tell you about the next steps when it comes to treatment and self-care. You’ll probably need to do Pap smears more frequently after LEEP.
However, if you notice any of the following symptoms, make sure to contact your doctor as soon as possible:
- Heavier bleeding accompanied by clots
- Vaginal discharge or a foul odor
- Chills or fever
- Severe pain in the abdomen
Chances of Cervical Dysplasia Returning after LEEP
Unfortunately, chances of cervical dysplasia returning after LEEP are not nonexistent. Women who had high-grade cervical dysplasia could experience a recurrence of the condition. LEEP is not the only gynecological procedure that can remove abnormal tissue and cell growth, though. Even though it’s the most recommended one, certain conditions may require different removal procedures, such as laser conization. And because there are some chances of cervical dysplasia returning after LEEP within five years after the first procedure in women with high-grade cervical dysplasia, laser conization may be a better option, especially if they still haven’t given birth. Namely, the more frequent the need to undergo a procedure like this, the bigger the risk of the woman’s fertility decreasing.
Aside from LEEP and laser conization, other procedures that can manage cervical dysplasia include cryosurgery and cold knife conization, the latter being rather similar to LEEP in terms of associated risks and benefits. Of course, what procedure is the right choice for you, in particular, will depend on your current condition as well as the amount of abnormal tissue present. After discussing everything with your doctor, they will recommend the best treatment for you.
Regular gynecological checkups are crucial for maintaining good reproductive health. This practice is especially important when it comes to conditions such as cervical dysplasia, where there are no noticeable symptoms. If you’re looking for a renowned professional to take care of your gynecological health or have some concerns of your own, feel free to get in touch with us at University OBGYN. You can count on us to provide you with top-notch service and a comfortable experience.
