Gardnerella vaginalis is a Gram-variable bacterium that is commonly found in the vaginal flora of healthy women. This bacterium is responsible for a type of bacterial vaginosis, a condition affecting a large percentage of women worldwide. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the overgrowth of various bacteria in the vagina, which causes an imbalance in the vaginal microflora. If you think you might have this bacteria, or you want to learn more about it, read this blog or visit us at Trogolo Obstetrics and Gynecology in Jacksonville.
What Is Gardnerella Vaginalis
Gardnerella vaginalis is the most prevalent bacterium associated with BV, although other microorganisms such as Mobiluncus species, Atopobium vaginae, and Prevotella species may also contribute to the condition. BV is not a sexually transmitted infection but is associated with an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
It is important to note that not all women with Gardnerella vaginalis will develop BV, and not all cases of BV are caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. In fact, it is possible for women with BV to have a mixed infection with multiple types of bacteria. Therefore, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis alone is not enough to diagnose BV, and additional tests may be needed to confirm the condition.
Gardnerella vaginalis was first identified by Herman Gardner and colleagues in 1955. At that time, the bacterium was thought to cause non-specific vaginitis, a poorly understood condition and often misdiagnosed. Since then, it has been established that Gardnerella is a major player in BV, which affects up to 29% of women of reproductive age in the United States alone.
Although BV is not a life-threatening condition, it can cause discomfort and embarrassment and may increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The exact pathogenesis of BV is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a complex interplay between various microorganisms and the host immune system. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, although recurrence rates are high.
The diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis typically involves a physical examination, a review of your medical history, and laboratory tests to confirm the presence of the bacteria. Some common tests that healthcare providers may use to check for Gardnerella vaginalis are wet mount, whiff test, pH test, culture test, and DNA.
Gardnerella Vaginalis Symptoms
The most common symptom of Gardnerella vaginalis infection is bacterial vaginosis (BV). Some women with BV may not experience any Gardnerella vaginalis symptoms, but others may have one or more of the following:
- Abnormal vaginal discharge: BV can cause a thin, grayish-white discharge that may have a strong, fishy odor. The discharge may also be more noticeable after sexual activity.
- Vaginal itching or irritation: Some women with BV may experience vaginal itching or irritation, which can be uncomfortable.
- Burning during urination: BV can cause burning or discomfort during urination, which is similar to a urinary tract infection.
- Vaginal odor: The strong, fishy odor associated with BV may be noticeable even without the presence of discharge.
It is important to note that these Gardnerella vaginalis symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, such as yeast infections or sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, seeking medical attention to determine the cause of the symptoms and receive appropriate treatment is essential. Additionally, untreated BV can increase the risk of complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and preterm birth, so it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention if symptoms are present.
Is Gardnerella Vaginalis an STI?
Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacterium that is commonly found in the vaginal flora of women, and its presence alone does not necessarily indicate an infection or disease. It is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), although it can be transmitted through sexual contact. However, when there is an overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis in the vagina, it can contribute to the development of bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is not an STI but is associated with sexual activity.
It is important to note that sexual activity is not the only factor that can contribute to the development of BV, and many women who have never had sexual intercourse can also develop the condition. BV is thought to be caused by a complex interplay of factors, including changes in the vaginal microbiome, hormonal changes, and other environmental factors.
While Gardnerella vaginalis is not considered an STI, it is associated with an increased risk of acquiring other STIs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV. This is thought to be due to the disruption of the normal vaginal microflora, making it easier for other pathogens to establish infection.
Common Treatments
As we mentioned before, unhealthy amounts of Gardnerella vaginalis can contribute to bacterial vaginosis. The treatment of BV typically involves antibiotics to help restore the normal vaginal flora. Here are some common treatments for unhealthy amounts of Gardnerella vaginalis:
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are the most common treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Metronidazole and clindamycin are two antibiotics commonly used to treat BV. These antibiotics can be taken orally or administered topically as a cream or gel.
- Probiotics: They are beneficial bacteria that can help restore the natural balance of the vaginal flora. Taking probiotic supplements or eating foods that are high in probiotics, such as yogurt or kefir, can help promote healthy vaginal flora.
- Boric acid: Boric acid is a natural compound that can be used to help restore the normal pH balance of the vagina. It is available in suppository form and is inserted into the vagina.
- Avoiding irritants: Irritants such as harsh soaps, perfumed products, and douches can disrupt the vaginal flora and increase the risk of infection. It is best to avoid these products altogether and practice good hygiene using mild soap and warm water.
- Lifestyle changes: Certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking and poor diet, can increase the risk of BV. Quitting smoking and eating a healthy diet can help support overall vaginal health.
It is important to note that the treatment of BV can vary depending on the severity of the infection and individual factors. It is best to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Additionally, it is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the recurrence of the infection.
Contact Us
If you suspect that you may have Gardnerella vaginalis, don’t wait to seek medical attention promptly to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment. Gynecology in Jacksonville, Florida, is a healthcare provider that specializes in women’s reproductive health and can provide comprehensive care for conditions related to the vaginal flora, including bacterial vaginosis. Our experienced healthcare professionals can thoroughly evaluate and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for your individual needs. With their expertise and compassionate care, you can feel confident that you are getting the best possible care to promote your vaginal health and overall well-being.
